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Together Towards a Sustainable Arctic The theme of the Arctic Council Chairmanship program for 2019-2021 reflects Iceland’s commitment to the principle of sustainable development and refers to the ne...

International Cooperation Iceland has been a party of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) since 1997. In 2013, Iceland and Namibia took the initiative of launching the ‘Gr...

Synergies Soil conservation is a global issue. Land degradation and desertification threatens the livelihoods of millions of people throughout the world as it is the root cause of many burning enviro...

Revegetation and Landcare The role of the Soil Conservation Service of Iceland (SCSI) has increasingly been aimed at providing guidance and facilitating participation in landcare and restoration work...

International Cooperation Icelandic nature is truly of high global importance. Since 1964, Iceland has been a member of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). ...

Plans for a highland national park The Icelandic central highland is unique with its vast area of wilderness, volcanos, glaciers and other spectacular natural phenomenon. The highland forms one of th...

What is a protected area? Protected areas in Iceland, established by legal gazettement, are divided into nine categories. They are based on. Thus, protected areas in Iceland are comparable to protect...

Adaptation Iceland has considerable experience in the risk management of natural hazards and the many of the risks associated with climate change impacts can be dealt with using existing policy tools...

What is Biological Diversity? Biological diversity has been defined as the variability among living organisms from all sources including terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecolo...

International Cooperation The UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was adopted at the 1992 Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit. Iceland signed the Convention at the conference, and it entered into for...

Research and monitoring There are several institutions responsible for research, monitoring and responding to changes of the Icelandic biota. conducts basic research on the zoology and botany of Icel...

Icelandic Flora and Fauna The fauna of Iceland numbers thousands of species. Research show that most species living in Iceland seem to have arrived almost exclusively from Europe, with a few exceptio...

Content from before 2020 The role of the Financial Stability Council changed on 1 January 2020 with the merger of the Central Bank and the Financial Supervisory Authority. Before the merger, the Coun...

Information Exchange Agreements (TIEA´s) Iceland has concluded a total of 44 bilateral Tax Information Exchange Agreements (TIEA´s). Drafting of these agreements was based on the OECD TIEA model and ...

Double Taxation Treaties Double Taxation Agreements (DTA´s) are treaties between two or more countries on how to avoid double taxation of income and property. The Icelandic DTA model is largely based...

Aquaculture History of Aquaculture Initially based on the on-rearing of salmonids for release into rivers, aquaculture efforts in Iceland gradually developed into larger-scale rearing of fish for the...

History of fisheries Early history From the era of settlement of Iceland in the late 9th century, until the 20th century, Iceland‘s economy rested on farming and fisheries. The fishing season was def...

Processing and products Advances in production Fishery products and processing methods in Iceland were developed from a practical point of view: How to preserve the landed catch given the local condi...

International policy The international policy of Iceland is supported by two key pillars. Firstly, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and secondly, the principle of sustaina...

The main species Demersal codfish (bottom living) () is the most iconic fish species for Iceland. A large, fast growing, tasty fish, the cod plays a major role in the Icelandic marine ecosystem. Comm...